Comprehensive analysis of synthetic leather (PU leather)

Synthetic leather (PU leather) is a type of imitation leather material made mainly from polyurethane (PU), which is coated, bonded, and other processes to form a leather like surface on a base fabric (such as polyester or non-woven fabric). Due to its low cost, adjustable performance, and high production efficiency, it is widely used in fields such as clothing, shoe bags, furniture, and automotive interiors. The following provides a detailed introduction from the aspects of structural composition, characteristics, application scenarios, advantages and disadvantages, identification and care, and development trends:

1、 Structure and Composition

PU leather is usually composed of three layers:

Base fabric layer:

Material: Polyester fiber, non-woven fabric (such as needle punched fabric) or paper substrate.

Function: Provides strength and support, determining the durability of the product.

Coating (foam layer):

Material: Polyurethane resin (divided into polyether and polyester types), with the addition of pigments and additives (such as softeners and wear-resistant agents).

Process: Forming a porous structure through foaming technology, simulating the soft touch of natural leather.

Surface treatment layer:

Process: By printing, embossing (such as lychee and crocodile patterns), film application, and coating with varnish, texture, gloss, and special properties (such as waterproofing and scratch resistance) are imparted.

Application scenarios

1. Fashion field

Clothing: PU jacket, windbreaker, skirt (replacing genuine leather to create punk style or minimalist design).

Shoe bags: leather shoes, sports shoe uppers (such as casual board shoes), handbags, wallets (surface embossed imitation crocodile leather, cowhide).

Accessories: Belt, gloves, hat (low cost and diverse styles).

2. Home and Furniture

Sofa and seat: faux leather sofa fabric (easy to clean, scratch resistant, suitable for families with children or pets).

Wallpaper and soft packaging: PU leather wall decoration (waterproof and moisture-proof, used for background walls in living rooms and bedrooms).

3. Automotive and Aerospace

Automotive interior: seat fabric, steering wheel cover (wear-resistant and easy to maintain, high-end models use simulated leather PU to enhance texture).

Airline seats: Made of lightweight and flame-retardant PU leather material.

4. Other fields

Stationery and packaging: notebook cover, gift box lining (to enhance the sense of grade).

Medical and industrial: surgical bed covers (waterproof and antibacterial), instrument and equipment protective covers (chemical corrosion resistant).